{"id":5656,"date":"2025-06-17T12:21:37","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T04:21:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hkcablemachine.com\/?p=5656"},"modified":"2025-09-03T17:28:37","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T09:28:37","slug":"fiber-core-manufacturing-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hkcablemachine.com\/vi\/huong-dan-co-ban-ve-cach-lam-loi-soi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110ang \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup> S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p? Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ph\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u00e9o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 2000\u00b0C v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Quy<\/p>\n

\u0110ang v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup> L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb khi t\u00f4i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i quang t\u1ea1i HONGKAI. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e2u ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, lu\u00f4n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i?<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Silic tetraclorua v\u00e0 germani tetraclorua si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y tinh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 1500\u00b0C trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"V\u1eadt<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u trong ng\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u1ee3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u00ecm v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i quang l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Silic tetraclorua (SiCl4) l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tinh silica, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ee3i. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft l\u00e0 99,999% tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

Germanium tetrachloride (GeCl4) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u pha t\u1ea1p l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i so v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a germanium quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf germanium cho s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n mode, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt h\u01a1n 3% theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ee3i \u0111a mode y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 8-12% trong v\u00f9ng l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng sang th\u1ee7y tinh r\u1eafn di\u1ec5n ra th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh silica tu\u00e2n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sau: SiCl4 + O2 \u2192 SiO2 + 2Cl2. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 1500\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1800\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng germani tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: GeCl4 + O2 \u2192 GeO2 + 2Cl2.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 10\u00b0C c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng oxy ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi 1% \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t clorua. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 clorua n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i quang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u, v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 1380 nm. C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 crom ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 m\u1ed7i t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra th\u00eam s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00e1n x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i plasma c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng (ICP-MS) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft. S\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y tinh. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian cho l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/th>\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
SiCl4<\/td>\n>99.999%<\/td>\nH2O, Fe, Cu, Cr<\/td>\nICP-MS, GC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GeCl4<\/td>\n>99.99%<\/td>\nH2O, Ion kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\nICP-MS, Karl Fischer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O2<\/td>\n>99.95%<\/td>\nH2O, Hi\u0111rocacbon<\/td>\nGC, M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00ed mang<\/td>\n>99.999%<\/td>\nH2O, O2, Hi\u0111rocacbon<\/td>\nGC, M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch oxy v\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/h3>\n

L\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Silic v\u00e0 germani tetraclorua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh axit clohydric \u0103n m\u00f2n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u00edn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nit\u01a1 kh\u00f4. Khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00b12\u00b0C v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi 5%.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n VCR \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thanh l\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ef1c cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5m khi v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Chi ph\u00ed duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n si\u00eau s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00f4i th\u1ee7y tinh?<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i. S\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh MCVD v\u00e0 OVD l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u1ee7y tinh b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng quay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 1 m\u00e9t<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"T\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00f4i th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i (MCVD)<\/h3>\n
\n

C\u00e1c Quy tr\u00ecnh MCVD<\/a>3<\/a><\/sup> v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n silica tinh khi\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i 15-25 mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 800-1200 mm. \u1ed0ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong \u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n s\u1ebd lan truy\u1ec1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp theo chi\u1ec1u ngang tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay trong kho\u1ea3ng 10-100 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda hydro-oxy \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1900-2000\u00b0C t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea3y qua b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng quay theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi 0,5% \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eebng lu\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee7y tinh. M\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m 50-200 l\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp d\u00e0y v\u00e0i micromet.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "b\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng" \u2013 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u1ee7y tinh si\u00eau nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y tinh trong su\u1ed1t, d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c khi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i qua b\u1ed3 h\u00f3ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bong b\u00f3ng trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (OVD)<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh OVD<\/a>4<\/a><\/sup> cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00f4i l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Thay v\u00ec l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng, OVD t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp th\u1ee7y tinh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c quay ho\u1eb7c "thanh m\u1ed3i". Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00f5i-l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00f5i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh OVD<\/a>4<\/a><\/sup> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t thanh m\u1ed3i silica ho\u1eb7c alumina nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a thanh, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u00f5i l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a OVD l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00f4i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Trong khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf MCVD, OVD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u00ean 150 mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 1,5 m\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong OVD c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng, ph\u00f4i x\u1ed1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00f2 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1500-1600\u00b0C trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Thanh m\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau khi h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ph\u00f4i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u00f4i<\/h3>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1. \u0110o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt giao thoa. Ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00f5i, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0o so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ph\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n trong ph\u1ea1m vi 0,1% v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m trong ph\u1ea1m vi 0,5% \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tham s\u1ed1<\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt MCVD<\/th>\nTh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt OVD<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00f5i<\/td>\n8-12\u03bcm<\/td>\n8-15 \u03bcm<\/td>\nM\u00e1y \u0111o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1<\/td>\n0.12-0.22<\/td>\n0.12-0.25<\/td>\nM\u00e1y \u0111o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m<\/td>\n<0,5%<\/td>\n<0,3%<\/td>\n\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<0,1%<\/td>\n<0,1%<\/td>\n\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
suy gi\u1ea3m<\/td>\n<0,5 dB\/km<\/td>\n<0,3 dB\/km<\/td>\n\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/h3>\n

T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong khi gi\u1eef c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft giao di\u1ec7n l\u00f5i-l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft giao di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00f5i v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 rung m\u00e1y ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f4i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ed1ng quay \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u00f4i s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t ph\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u00e9o v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, trong khi m\u1ed9t ph\u00f4i k\u00e9m g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i?<\/h2>\n

L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sai d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 khi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1p k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 l\u00f2 than ch\u00ec, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o l\u00ean t\u1edbi 25 m\u00e9t\/gi\u00e2y.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Th\u00e1p<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f4i th\u1ee7y tinh r\u1eafn th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i quang m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gia nhi\u1ec7t, k\u00e9o v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i quang.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00e1p<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1p k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i<\/a>5<\/a><\/sup> cao 10-15 m\u00e9t, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1ee3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p n\u1eb7ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch ly rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1p ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng, m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u1ea1p ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u00f2 nung. Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, l\u00f2 nung v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean trong th\u00e1p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00b12\u00b0C. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00f2 nung nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n

L\u00f2 nung l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ebd. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gia nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed1ng graphite c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 2200\u00b0C. Bu\u1ed3ng l\u00f2 nung th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 100-150 mm v\u00e0 cao 200-300 mm, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 nung v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00b11\u00b0C. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00e9o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed l\u00f2 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gia nhi\u1ec7t graphite v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i s\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed argon ho\u1eb7c nit\u01a1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c oxy d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 ppm. L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u1ea1p ph\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ph\u00f4i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng servo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00b10,1 mm trong khi b\u00f9 cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f4i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

\u0110o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf t\u1edbi 0,1 \u03bcm v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 mili gi\u00e2y. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec5u x\u1ea1 laser ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2 nung.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee3i d\u00e0y l\u00ean. V\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ebd. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec dung sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\nS\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2<\/td>\n1900-2100\u00b0C<\/td>\n\u00b11\u00b0C<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n PID v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i quang h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i<\/td>\n125 \u03bcm<\/td>\n\u00b11 \u03bcm<\/td>\n\u0110o laser v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ebd<\/td>\n10-25 m\u00e9t\/gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n\u00b10,1%<\/td>\nT\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng servo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/td>\n62,5 \u03bcm<\/td>\n\u00b12,5 \u03bcm<\/td>\nKi\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee7 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp polyme b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00ean s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh tr\u1ea7n ngay sau khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do u\u1ed1n cong vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u phun khu\u00f4n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng xung quanh s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng polyme acrylate m\u1ec1m, m\u00f4 \u0111un th\u1ea5p. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec7m s\u1ee3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n cong nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 32,5 \u03bcm, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00ean 190 \u03bcm.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i polymer c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng th\u00eam 32,5 \u03bcm \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 250 \u03bcm. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c trong s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n mode. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o quang v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh khu\u00f4n khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd UV<\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 acrylate l\u1ecfng th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eafn. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. X\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n UV th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 UV ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ea3ng bao quanh s\u1ee3i ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 trong l\u00f2 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf oxy c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p. Oxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 k\u00e9m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c oxy d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 ppm trong bu\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0103ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea5n l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng khi k\u00e9o trong kho\u1ea3ng 50-150 gram.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 servo ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n 0,01%. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ee3i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom s\u1ebd cu\u1ed9n s\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Ki\u1ec3u cu\u1ed9n ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng s\u1ee3i trong khi v\u1eabn cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e1o cu\u1ed9n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Dancer cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m c\u0103ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1ee5c quay v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n thu s\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1nh tay c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c xi lanh kh\u00ed n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thu s\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh dancer th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng cu\u1ed9n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t?<\/h2>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o laser v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Thi\u1ebft<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i lan truy\u1ec1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec5u x\u1ea1 laser \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi micron. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn t\u1edbi v\u00e0i cm, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n dung c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ph\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00f2 nung ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00f2 nung \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 l\u00f2 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e1p k\u00e9o. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra quang h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. \u0110o suy hao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t quang \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i \u0111a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf 850 nm v\u00e0 1300 nm. S\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf 1310 nm v\u00e0 1550 nm.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cho s\u1ee3i quang \u0111a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f3ng tr\u00e0n (OFL) ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 vi sai (DMD). Ki\u1ec3m tra OFL cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i quang, trong khi ki\u1ec3m tra DMD cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i quang s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110o kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u00f5i-l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i \u0111a mode v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n mode. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng xa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n

\u0110o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng mode cho s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n mode s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng xa. Tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ph\u00e9p \u0111o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho t\u1eebng m\u00e9t s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100 psi (0,69 GPa) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i quang vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 polyme li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p \u0111o l\u1ef1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m u\u1ed1n cong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t u\u1ed1n cong v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n cong vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m u\u1ed1n cong v\u0129 m\u00f4 qu\u1ea5n s\u1ee3i quanh c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m u\u1ed1n cong vi m\u00f4 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ee3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tham s\u1ed1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/th>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/th>\nT\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/th>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Suy gi\u1ea3m (1310 nm)<\/td>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ITU-T G.652<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i 2 km<\/td>\n<0,35 dB\/km<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Suy gi\u1ea3m (1550 nm)<\/td>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ITU-T G.652<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i 2 km<\/td>\n<0,25 dB\/km<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ITU-T G.652<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i 2 km<\/td>\n9,2 \u00b1 0,4 \u03bcm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/td>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60793-1-30<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\nS\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100 kpsi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/td>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60793-1-20<\/td>\nLi\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td>\n245 \u00b1 5 \u03bcm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/h3>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup> C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (SPC) gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi gian, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Cp v\u00e0 Cpk cho bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (DOE) gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a>7<\/a><\/sup><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u1ecfi lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00ed n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ERP) cho ph\u00e9p chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n khi v\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1eebng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 cam k\u1ebft giao h\u00e0ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9t<\/a>8<\/a><\/sup>, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"X\u1eed<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i<\/h3>\n

S\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9t<\/a>8<\/a><\/sup> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o, t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i ra c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9n thu. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c bong b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee1 khi k\u00ednh b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu s\u1ee3i. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00f2 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng k\u00e9o g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0103ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i, trong khi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng dancer ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9n thu.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 x\u1ea3y ra khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t u\u1ed1n l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu s\u1ee3i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ec1m cho ph\u00e9p h\u01a1i \u1ea9m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn s\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn (bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 vi m\u00f4) ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e0i (bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u0129 m\u00f4), m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc trong ph\u00f4i. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi k\u00e9o v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ebd lan truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 nung l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tinh, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi k\u00e9o. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00f2 nung, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 rung ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong th\u00e1p v\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\nNguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/th>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
S\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9t<\/a>8<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\nL\u1ed7i ph\u00f4i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng<\/td>\nKi\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng<\/td>\nKi\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\nGi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/td>\nKi\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh PID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/td>\n\u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khu\u00f4n, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e8n UV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u0103ng suy gi\u1ea3m<\/td>\n\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\nKi\u1ec3m tra quang h\u1ecdc, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh, gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do m\u00f2n khu\u00f4n, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u00e0i khu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian, trong khi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch trong khu\u00f4n ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c trong s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n mode v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e8n UV b\u1ecb l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n nit\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p. \u0110\u00f3ng r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m. Overture c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. T\u00f4i lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu th\u1eadp c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1ee3i \u00fd nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c l\u00f4 ph\u00f4i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f4i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103m l\u00fd do gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb m\u00f2n v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng. L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 rung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n b\u00ean trong trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n khi c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. H\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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Related Research<\/h2>\n