{"id":16337,"date":"2026-08-24T17:35:29","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T09:35:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hkcablemachine.com\/?p=16337"},"modified":"2026-08-27T16:23:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T08:23:57","slug":"wire-bunching-machine-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hkcablemachine.com\/ar\/wire-bunching-machine-selection-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0643\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

A wire bunching machine should be selected from the finished conductor backward, not from a reel size or maximum-speed headline. A factory owner or technical buyer must first define what enters the machine, what conductor must leave it, how that conductor will be tested, and which package must connect to the next process.<\/p>\n

The correct wire bunching machine is the smallest project configuration that can produce the approved conductor across its required wire range, lay window and reel interface while maintaining controllable tension and measurable acceptance evidence. Nominal speed does not prove that the conductor will remain stable from an empty to a full take-up reel. The RFQ should therefore define the input wires, finished conductor, lay direction, packages, control functions, safeguards and FAT samples before a model is approved. HONGKAI can map those inputs to a machine family, but final performance must be confirmed against the exact cable and project conditions.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u0622\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 HONGKAI. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u061b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/em><\/p>\n

This guide is for low-voltage cable factory owners, production managers and technical procurement teams. It does not treat bunching, ordered stranding and cable laying-up as interchangeable names. The buyer\u2019s decision is whether a proposed buncher matches one approved conductor design and whether the supplier can prove that match before shipment.<\/p>\n

What Must Buyers Define Before Selecting a Wire Bunching Machine?<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 FAT. \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Finished Conductor: Which conductor must the machine produce?<\/h3>\n

Why it matters: The finished conductor is the selection anchor. Nominal cross-sectional area alone does not state whether the conductor is bunched, concentrically stranded, compacted, flexible, coated, insulated or made to a special construction. Two conductors with the same nominal area can require different individual-wire counts, wire diameters, lay behavior, tension and downstream handling. A supplier cannot responsibly select a wire bunching machine from a cable name such as \u201cflexible wire\u201d without the approved construction.<\/p>\n

What to ask: Send the finished-conductor drawing or specification with material, nominal area, construction class or product-standard reference, individual-wire count and diameter, finished diameter where controlled, coating or plating, direction, lay requirement, joint policy and downstream process. State whether the buncher receives bare wires, coated wires or already insulated cores. Mark every range as required, optional or future instead of combining unrelated products into one maximum envelope.<\/p>\n

How to verify: Compare the supplier\u2019s proposed operating window with every approved conductor at its smallest and largest required condition. Require the quotation to show which inputs were used to select the machine and which products remain outside the scope. IEC 60228:2023<\/a> covers nominal cross-sectional areas, wire numbers and sizes, and resistance values for several conductor types in power cables and cords, but the applicable finished-cable standard still decides whether IEC 60228 applies to the product.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Red flags: The proposal lists only finished cable diameter, treats a conductor class as a machine model, assumes that all fine-wire conductors use the same process, or includes compacted and non-compacted constructions without separate tooling and acceptance review.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

2. Input Wires: Are the material, diameter, count and condition complete?<\/h3>\n

Why it matters: A wire bunching machine handles individual inputs before it creates the finished bundle. Their material, diameter, count, surface, coating, hardness, incoming package and tension condition affect routing, guide contact, wire-break detection and the usable operating window. A machine that accepts the final nominal area on paper may still be unsuitable for the actual individual wires or packages.<\/p>\n

What to ask: Define conductor material and coating, individual-wire diameter range, exact wire count for each product, incoming spool dimensions, flange and barrel condition, maximum approved package mass, payoff arrangement, allowable joints, surface cleanliness and any sensitivity to scratching or deformation. Identify whether the factory will buy prepared wire or draw, anneal or tin it on site. State the expected variation from upstream production rather than giving only a nominal value.<\/p>\n

How to verify: Inspect the complete material path from every payoff position through guides and wire-break devices into the bunching zone. During FAT, use the agreed incoming packages and representative wires rather than substitute material chosen only because it runs easily. Confirm that guides, contact points and detection devices are suitable for the defined wire surface and that an input fault can be identified without damaging the retained conductor.<\/p>\n

Red flags: The supplier selects a buncher from finished area only, the proposed payoff cannot accept the buyer\u2019s actual spools, input wire count is described as \u201cabout\u201d a value, or the FAT plan allows different wire material and package geometry from production.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n

3. Acceptance Basis: Which standard and finished tests control approval?<\/h3>\n

Why it matters: The wire bunching machine creates geometry, but the factory sells a conductor or cable that must meet an approved product specification. A visually uniform bundle does not prove conductor resistance, construction, dimensions or suitability for the next process. The buyer must separate machine functions from finished-product acceptance and name who supplies each test method and instrument.<\/p>\n

What to ask: Identify the finished-cable standard, conductor clause, customer drawing and factory control plan that apply. State which properties are checked at the bunching stage and which are verified only after insulation or final cable production. Define sample conditioning, measurement temperature where relevant, instrument responsibility, pass\/fail limits, record format and disposition of material made during setup or adjustment.<\/p>\n

How to verify: Build an acceptance matrix that connects each requirement to a sample, test method, instrument, responsible party and retained record. If IEC 60228 applies, confirm the exact conductor type and edition rather than citing the standard as a general quality badge. The IEC publication record notes that its requirements generally relate to conductors in finished cable, so an intermediate bunching check must be connected to the finished-product control plan instead of being presented as automatic compliance.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Red flags: The quotation says only \u201caccording to IEC,\u201d a resistance result has no sample temperature or method, the FAT checks appearance but not the agreed conductor properties, or the supplier promises certification that neither the machine nor the FAT can establish.<\/p>\n

4. Lay Window: Which lay length and direction must remain stable?<\/h3>\n

Why it matters: Lay length is a product setting, not a decorative parameter in a catalog table. The required window, S or Z direction, wire construction, speed and tension interact. A very wide nominal range is not useful if the machine cannot produce the buyer\u2019s actual conductor with stable lay and acceptable handling under the agreed production condition.<\/p>\n

What to ask: List every required lay length or approved range by conductor, the lay direction, tolerance and measurement method. Define whether settings change through gears, electronic control or another mechanism, and include the supplied change parts in the scope. Ask the supplier to state any speed, package or conductor condition that limits the requested lay window rather than quoting one universal maximum.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a FAT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u03a6800 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a HONGKAI \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 S \u0623\u0648 Z\u061b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 HONGKAI \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

Red flags: The supplier lists lay length without direction or tolerance, substitutes calculated pitch for measured conductor evidence, omits change gears or recipes from the supply, or promises the same stable speed at every lay and conductor condition.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 FAT\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

5. Reel Interface: Do the payoff and take-up packages fit factory flow?<\/h3>\n

Why it matters: Reel diameter is only one interface. Flange condition, barrel diameter, traverse width, center hole, loading method, package mass, lifting access, traverse control and downstream handling decide whether the machine can be used safely and efficiently. A reel mismatch can delay commissioning even when the bunching head itself is suitable.<\/p>\n

What to ask: Supply drawings or verified dimensions for every incoming and outgoing package, including tolerances and maximum approved mass. Define shafted or shaftless loading, lifting method, reel clamping, traverse range, loading aisle, finished package build and transfer to the next process. Confirm whether the supplied reel is a machine reel, shipping reel or production package and whether adapters are included.<\/p>\n

How to verify: Load the agreed reels during FAT or perform a dimensional and functional interface check when production reels cannot be shipped. Run traverse across the usable width, inspect edge build and confirm that lifting, clamping, braking and removal can be completed by the approved method. Check the factory layout for actual reel movement and service access instead of assuming that machine footprint alone proves fit.<\/p>\n

Red flags: A proposal says \u201c800 mm reel\u201d without a drawing, the flange fits but the center hole or traverse width does not, hydraulic lifting is listed without load and interface confirmation, or the buyer discovers after delivery that production reels cannot pass through the access route.<\/p>\n

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6. Tension Control: How will the conductor remain stable from empty to full reel?<\/h3>\n

Why it matters: Take-up diameter changes during production, so the control system must manage tension as the package builds. Excess tension can deform or stretch fine wires; insufficient or unstable tension can disturb the bundle, traverse and downstream payoff. A named controller or magnetic-powder device is not evidence until the complete control behavior is demonstrated with the agreed conductor.<\/p>\n

What to ask: Request the tension-control principle, sensing or feedback method, adjustment range, empty-to-full compensation, startup and slowdown behavior, recipe control, alarm conditions and operator permissions. Define how upstream payoff tension and downstream take-up tension are coordinated. Ask what evidence will show that adjustment can be made safely and that a wire break or abnormal condition does not leave uncontrolled stored motion.<\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u201d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 FAT \u0628\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

7. \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h3>\n

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8. FAT \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n

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